The results supported the mediating role of temperament in the processes by which perceived mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression and suggested that maternal behaviors may not have the same consequences for girls and boys. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory Maternal was used to assess maternal communication and discipline, and child aggression was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Checklist. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire were used to evaluate children’s negative affect and effortful control. The sample was composed of 904 participants between 1 and 6 years old. We also explore how children’s gender and age differences affect these relationships. The aim of this study is to examine-from the parents’ perspective-the role of childhood temperament in the dynamic by which mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression. The temperament of a child and parental socialization have been essential in explaining behavioral problems, particularly in the case of childhood aggression. Childhood aggression is important to acknowledge due to its social impact and importance in predicting future problems.
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